Stem cell treatment for cancer12/23/2023 Platelets are pieces of cells that seal damaged blood vessels and help blood to clot, both of which are important in stopping bleeding. The body depends on lymphocytes to recognize its own cells and reject cells that don’t belong in the body, such as invading germs or cells that are transplanted from someone else. ![]() Some lymphocytes make antibodies to help fight infections. There are different kinds of lymphocytes, such as T lymphocytes (T cells), B lymphocytes (B cells), and natural killer (NK) cells. Lymphocytes are another type of white blood cell. The lower the ANC, the greater the risk for infection. When your ANC drops below a certain level, you have neutropenia. The absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is a measure of the number of neutrophils in your blood. ![]() When they are low, you have a higher risk of infection. They are the first cells to respond to an injury or when germs enter the body. Neutrophils are the most important type in fighting infections. White blood cells help fight infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This can make them look pale and feel weak, tired, and short of breath. People whose hematocrit is below this level have anemia. The normal range is about 35% to 50% for adults. A blood test called a hematocrit shows how much of your blood is made up of RBCs. They bring carbon dioxide from the cells back to the lungs to be exhaled. Red blood cells carry oxygen away from the lungs to all of the cells in the body. For these blood cells to do their jobs, you need to have enough of each of them in your blood. We need all of these types of blood cells to keep us alive. Stem cells make red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. These are called peripheral blood stem cells. ![]() A small number of the immature stem cells also get into the bloodstream. Once blood cells mature, they leave the bone marrow and enter the bloodstream. This is where they divide to make new blood cells. Stem cells mostly live in the bone marrow (the spongy center of certain bones). Even though they start out the same, these stem cells can mature into any type of blood cell, depending on what the body needs when each stem cell is developing. These are very young cells that are not fully developed. All of the blood cells in your body - white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets - start out as young (immature) cells called hematopoietic stem cells.
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